Early Era

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Research:​​

“1953 Budget Document.” Government of Ontario. Accessed January 27, 2026. https://wayback.archive-it.org/16312/20241225112807/https://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/historical_documents_project/ontario_budgets_1939-1953.aspx.

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“Earl Kitchener Public School.” Read the Plaque. Accessed January 27, 2026. https://readtheplaque.com/plaque/earl-kitchener-public-school#gsc.tab=0.

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Georgiou, Bob. “Scenes from Pape Avenue (East York).” Scenes From Toronto. July 21, 2018. https://scenesto.com/2018/08/27/scenes-from-pape-avenue-east-york/.

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“Inspiring Education: A Legacy of Learning 1907-2007.” Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. Accessed January 27, 2026. https://www.oise.utoronto.ca/home/sites/default/files/2022-10/oise-history-100years.pdf.

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“Leslie Miscampbell Frost, Premier of Ontario, 1949-1961.” Ontario Heritage Trust. Accessed January 27, 2026. https://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/pages/programs/education-and-outreach/presentations/leslie-miscampbell-frost-premier-of-ontario-1949-61.

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Newell, Dianne. “Helliwell, Thomas.” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 9, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–. Accessed January 27, 2026. https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/helliwell_thomas_9E.html.

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Smith, Dennis. “Toronto Feature: Todmorden Mills.” The Canadian Encyclopedia. Last Edited July 2, 2015. https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-feature-todmorden-mills#:~:text=Colin%20Skinner%2C%20the%20son%20of,made%20paper%20in%20Upper%20Canada.

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Virag, Sarah. “Featured from the Collections: Looking Back at the History of the Normal School Building - Part Two.” Toronto Metropolitan University Archives & Special Collections. April 25, 2013. https://library.torontomu.ca/asc/2013/04/feature-from-the-collections-looking-back-at-the-history-of-the-normal-school-building-part-two/.

 

Photos:

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“1787-1805 Plan of the Toronto Purchase.” Photograph. Historical Maps of Toronto. Accessed January 27, 2026. https://oldtorontomaps.blogspot.com/2013/01/1787-1805-toronto-purchase.html.

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“1878 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of York.” Photograph. Historical Maps of Toronto. Accessed January 27, 2026. https://oldtorontomaps.blogspot.com/2013/01/1878-illustrated-historical-atlas-of.html.

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“Aerial Photographs.” Photograph. City of Toronto Archives. Accessed January 27, 2026. https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accountability-operations-customer-service/access-city-information-or-records/city-of-toronto-archives/whats-online/maps/aerial-photographs/.

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“Earl Kitchener School.” Photograph. Accession no. 2012.X.721. Artefacts Canada. Toronto District School Board Museum and Archives. Government of Canada. Accessed January 27, 2026. https://app.pch.gc.ca/application/artefacts_hum/detailler_detail.app?d=ADHA2012.X.721

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“Kitchener School with Portable.” Photograph. Accession no. 2012.X.493. Artefacts Canada. Toronto District School Board Museum and Archives. Government of Canada. Accessed January 27, 2026. https://app.pch.gc.ca/application/artefacts_hum/detailler_detail.app?d=ADHA2012.X.493&w=Earl+Kitchener+School&t=any&i=false&n=0&p=a&o=&f=&k=&pID=1&r=50&s=1&in=Toronto+District+School+Board+Museum+and+Archives&colId=&v=none&l=l&lang=en. 

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“Toronto Historic Maps.” Photograph. ArcGIS. Accessed January 27, 2026. https://www.arcgis.com/apps/View/index.html?appid=d38469bfb363441d98b21f239adfd0a3. 

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“Toronto Teachers’ College (Page & Steele, 1955). PANDA/CAA.” Photograph. Modernism in the Toronto Board of Education. New School. Accessed January 27, 2026. https://www.newschoolexhibition.net/modernism-toronto-board-of-education.